Frontiers Chronic E Cigarette Aerosol Inhalation Alters the Immune State of the Lungs and Increases ACE2 Expression, Raising Concern for Altered Response and Susceptibility to SARS CoV 2 Flavored e cigarettes modulate embryo development, fetal growth, and potentiate early fetal demise without nicotine Communications Medicine An Overview of E Cigarette Impact on Reproductive Health Nico teen: How MCHRI is investing in research to reduce and prevent youth tobacco use Maternal & Child Health Research Institute Stanford Medicine New study shows common vape ingredients deform fetal mouse skulls. Even if they are nicotine free. Researchers at The Ohio State University, led by anatomist James Cray, exposed pregnant mice to the base